To obtain a printer friendly (pdf) version of this itinerary, please click here. Second Annual Visit WORLDS OF OUR FATHERS A Journey of Jewish History in Germany and Eastern Europe Visiting SEARCH FOR YOUR ANCESTORS
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“What had gone on between German Christians and Jews, and why? Why had there been such
a promising beginning, so much hope and so much accomplishment – and so terrible an end?”
W. Michael Blumenthal, The Invisible Wall
A Journey in American History by Matterhorn Travel / 2010
These huge questions, posed by a German Jewish emigrant who became a CEO in corporate America, as well as a U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, have preoccupied eminent historians for decades – since the Nazis and the Holocaust brought a near end to some 2,000 years of Jewish presence in Germany and other regions of Europe.
Fortunately for millions of European Jews, there was an alternative to the persecution and pogroms of the Russian Czar, the anti-Semitism of Germany throughout centuries, and the Holocaust of the Third Reich. That alternative was emigration overseas – overwhelmingly to the United States. That millions of others did not emigrate for whatever reasons, resulting in their murder, and/or the murder of their descendants, adds another huge question to the tragedy – Why didn’t more Jews seek a better life overseas? Why did some successful Jews, such as the Mendelssohn family, continue to chase the rainbow of assimilation, while others, such as Albert Einstein, grasped the reality of the Jewish community’s situation in Germany and moved to the United States?
“Professor Fritz Stern, perhaps the foremost historian on this subject, has argued that the history of the
assimilated Jews of Germany was much more than the history of a tragedy; it was also, for a long time,
the story of an extraordinary success: “We must understand the triumphs in order to understand the tragedy.” We must see the German Jews in the context of their time and, at the very least, appreciate their authenticity, the way they saw themselves and others, often with reason. For long periods, they had cause to believe in their ultimate integration, as did most Jews elsewhere in Western Europe, in the United States, and even in Czarist Russia. It was touch and go almost to the end.”
Amos Elon
The Pity of it All
A Portrait of the German-Jewish Epoch
These two themes – the portrait of the German-Jewish Epoch and the response of emigration to the United States – will be the major focus of our journey. Our trip may not convey all the answers. But our visit to today’s Germany, accompanied by an experienced historian, will bring to us greater understanding of this ancestral saga, and provide an enjoyable, enriching experience.
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Our Ancestral Journey Includes: Round trip transatlantic flights
Dinner seven evenings Tours and Visits
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Lectures The History of the Jews in Germanyand Eastern Europe
Special Features
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| 1st Day, Saturday USA – Frankfurt |
Fly this afternoon from your departure city to Frankfurt. Beverages, dinner and continental breakfast will be served in-flight.
| 2nd Day, Sunday Frankfurt – The Rhine |
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| The Rhine |
Arrive Frankfurt in the morning, local time. Upon arrival, we will be met and transferred to our hotel.
This afternoon we will enjoy a delightful drive along the Rhine—a relaxing time to enjoy the scenery of one of Europe’s great rivers.
See the vineyards of the famous Rhine wines, the many barges on this busy waterway, and perhaps best of all the fairy tale castles around almost every bend in the River. Of particular note are the famous Lorelei rocks immortalized in the classic poem of
A Jew, Heinrich Heine (1797-1856) was one of Germany’s greatest romantic poets.
Set to music, his poem tells the story of boatmen lured to their death by a beautiful maiden sitting on the
rocks, combing her long blond hair while singing her fateful song.
After our Rhine visit, we will proceed to wine tasting at the cave of Georg Breuer, among the finest vintners of the Rhineland. G. Breuer is affiliated with Israel’s Galil Mountain Winery of the Upper Galilee.
G. Breuer owner, Heinrich Breuer, will lead us in tasting some of the finest wines of Israel and the Rhine.
Next, we will enjoy dinner with music at the Breuer’s Rudesheimer Schloss.
| 3rd Day, Monday Worms – Weimar |
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| The Jewish Wedding at Worms, Around the 18th Century Jewish Museum, Worms |
The first Jews entered the region of present-day Germany with the Roman legions. An edict by the emperor Constantine to the magistrate of Cologne in the year 321 provides early testimony of their presence.
Evidence of Jewish presence reappears during Charlemagne’s rule (768-814). At that time, Jews primarily worked as traveling merchants – a highly esteemed profession, as it provided princes and bishops with luxury goods such as perfume and exotic spices, jewels, and medicine.
The Romans and Jews settled along the Rhine and to the West, known today as the Rhineland. The land to the east of the Rhine, inhabited by Germanic tribes, was considered too hostile even for the Romans.
The leading centers of Jewish life in the Rhineland were Worms, Speyer, and Mainz.
This morning we will visit Worms and its synagogue dating from 1034
A.D. The synagogue mikvah still exists today
. We will visit the Rashi House, today a Jewish museum, named after the famous commentator
of the Talmud, Rabbi Solomon Ben Isaac, who studied at Worms in the
11th Century. His commentary has been included in every edition of the
Talmud since its first printing in the 1520s. We will also visit the
Jewish cemetery in Worms, the oldest Jewish cemetery in Europe.
The oldest tombstone dates from the year 1076.
This afternoon we will drive into eastern Germany to Weimar.
| 4th Day, Tuesday Weimar |
Weimar is home of the best and worst in German history.
The cultural history of Weimar is awesome, Goethe, Germany’s greatest writer, lived here. Schiller, who wrote the words to Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony “Ode to Joy,” lived in Weimar. Johann Sebastian Bach stayed ten years in Weimar, composing his immortal music.
The Hitler Youth movement began in Weimar.
The former concentration camp of Buchenwald is near Weimar.
“I pray you to believe what I have said about Buchenwald. I reported what I saw and heard, but only part of it.
For most of it, I have no words.”
- Edward R. Murrow, April, 1945
Today we will have a walking tour of Weimar and Buchenwald, accompanied by a local guide.
This evening is at leisure to sample a restaurant in Weimar on your own.
| 5th Day, Wednesday Leipzig – Berlin |
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Felix Mendelssohn was the grandson of Moses Mendelssohn, the foremost Jewish figure of the 18th century. Moses Mendelssohn was a renowned German philosopher, literary critic and man of letters, and among the first to bridge the social and cultural barrier between Jews and Germans. His great ambition was to end the age-old social and intellectual isolation of Judaism—some of which had become self imposed.He was the original advocate of assimilation. Throughout the nineteenth century, generations of hopeful German Jews would celebrate Mendelssohn as their patron saint; like Mendelssohn, they sought a larger community of rational men beyond the confines of religious identity. There was an intense desire to belong. Social integration with gentile Germans, it was thought, would be accomplished by self improvement, education and religious reform. |
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As an adult, Felix Mendelssohn wholly embraced his revised identity as a Christian. He became a leading composer of Christian religious music and helped to revive the legacy of Johann Sebastian Bach, the most important Lutheran after Luther himself. Mendelssohn established the first music
conservatory in Germany. Today Leipzig remains one of the great musical capitals of Europe. See the Gewandhaus, one of the most modern and acoustically perfect concert halls in the world.
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| 6th Day, Thursday Berlin – The Jewish Museum, City Tour |
“I had no idea of the scope of material here. The building is powerful.””
Henry Kissinger
This morning we will go to the Jewish Museum for the first of our two visits to this extraordinary repository of 2,000 years of Jewish history in Germany.
The Museum is not a Holocaust Museum. The exhibits trace Jewish life in Germany from the arrival of Jews with Roman legions to the revitalization of the community in recent years due to immigration from the former Soviet Union. In the section on the Holocaust, the focus is on Jewish reactions to the gathering Nazi terror, not the industrialized killing itself.
Designed by Daniel Libeskind, an American Jew born in Poland, there is a striking connection between the exhibits and the architecture. “The history of German-speaking Jewry is German history, and in the museum we attempt to tell it accurately and fairly,” said W. Michael Blumenthal, the museum director, who fled Nazi Germany and eventually served as Treasury Secretary in the Carter administration. “All of it: the towering highs and the abysmal lows, the triumphs as well as the bloodshed and disasters.”
Accompanied by a Museum guide, we will visit half of the exhibits this morning.We will return tomorrow morning to visit the second half of the exhibits.
This afternoon we will tour Berlin with a local guide. Sightseeing includes Potsdam Square, the Brandenburg Gate, and a remnant of the infamous wall. See the Russian War Memorial, Alexander Square, and drive along Unter den Linden, the main avenue of pre-war Berlin. Our tour includes the top of the Kurfurstendam (Ku’damn), dominated by the bombed out shell of the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church and its new, starkly modern replacement. These buildings have become symbols of the Old and New Germany. They are among the most impressive sights in Europe.
We will visit the beautiful Rykestrasse Synagogue, built in 1904 and today the largest synagogue in Germany.
This evening is at leisure to sample a restaurant in Berlin on your own.
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| Albert Einstein gave a violin concert for the benefit of the Youth and Social Welfare Office of the Jewish Community in Berlin. Einstein’s social commitment was an expression of solidarity with the Jewish Community. | Albert Einstein and his secretary Helen Dukas at his New Synagogue concert, January 29, 1930 |
| 7th Day, Friday Berlin: The Jewish Museum – The New Synagogue – Holocaust Memorial and Education Center |
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| On May 10, 1933, Berlin Students burn the books of “unaccepted” and Jewish writers on Opernplatz (today Bebelplatz). About 20,000 books were burned during the evening. |
This morning we will return to the Jewish Museum where our museum guide will show us the second part of the exhibits.
This afternoon we will visit the New Synagogue, inaugurated in 1866 in
the presence of Prussian Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck. Seating 3,000
people, it was the largest synagogue in Germany. With services in the
German language and its organ and choir music, the New Synagogue
became a center of Reform Judaism. The splendor of its architecture,
eastern Moorish style resembling the Alhambra in Spain, was a reflection of the rapid growth of the Jewish community in 19th century Berlin.
Having been destroyed by Allied bombing in 1943, the New Synagogue was reopened in 1995 as a museum and Jewish community center.
Unlike the Mendelssohn family, Albert Einstein was dubious about assimilation. As noted by his biographer Walter Isaacson, Einstein believed that Jews were more than just persons “of the Jewish faith.” Instead, he defined Jewish identity as a matter of ethnic kinship, or tribal companions. Einstein scorned what he called “the assimilatory” approach that sought “to overcome anti-Semitism by dropping nearly everything Jewish.” This never worked; indeed, it “appears somewhat comical to a non-Jew,” because the Jews are a people set apart from others.
“The psychological root of anti-Semitism lies in the fact that the Jews are a group of people unto themselves,” Einstein wrote.
When Hitler came to power, January 30, 1933, Einstein was in California. He chose to stay in the United States and never returned to Germany.
“Those who burn books will in the end also burn people.”
Heinrich Heine, 1821
This afternoon we will visit Bebelplatz (Opernplatz in 1933), scene of the Nazis’ burning of thousands of books by “degenerate” authors. In addition to a stone marker of Heine’s prophetic words, 112 years before the Nazis ascent to power, visitors can see through a glass plate in the ground and view rows of empty bookshelves – a modern monument to that dark event.
Next, we will visit the Holocaust Memorial and Education Center, completed in 2005. The architecture represents a radical approach to the traditional concept of a memorial, partly because it does not use symbolism. The grid pattern, consisting of 2,711 concrete stelae, which can be walked through from all sides, leaves it up to visitors to find their own way in and out of the complex. The underground information
center provides information on the victims, the places of extermination and today’s memorial sites.
Sabbath dinner is included this evening.
| 8th Day, Saturday Berlin: Morning at Leisure |
Berlin has 85 museums. Among the most impressive is the Pergamon on Museum Island housing some of the world’s most precious artifacts and classical antiquity. The famous Pergamon Altar, dating from 160 B.C., is a masterpiece of Greek art. Nearby is the magnificent Berlin Cathedral, the largest Lutheran church in Germany.
Stroll along Unter den Linden to the Brandenburg Gate. Visit the Reichstag, again the site of the German Parliament.Enjoy a drink at the Gendarmen Platz.
From evil to redemption to renaissance, Berlin has seen it all.
Afternoon Excursion
House of theWannsee Conference
The murder of Jews by the Nazis increased during the autumn of 1941, following the early success of the Wehrmacht invasion of the Soviet Union. In January of 1942, top Nazi leaders met at a mansion on the outskirts of Berlin to organize administratively the systematic extermination of Jews residing in areas controlled by the Third Reich – the Final Solution. The meeting became known as the Wannsee Conference.
Accompanied by our guide, we will visit this mansion where extermination of the Jews became the formal, official policy of the Nazi regime.
The mansion is today a museum.
This evening we will enjoy dinner with Klezmer music. Klezmer began in medieval Europe as the music of the Eastern European Jews. By the 19th century, it had become a developed musical style, taking its inspiration not only from the synagogue, but also from the non-Jewish culture that surrounded it.
| 9th Day, Sunday Hamburg: Ballinstadt Emigration City |
Search for Your German and/or Eastern Europe Ancestors with Professional Help
This morning we will leave Berlin and proceed to Hamburg, Germany’s second largest city. It was in Hamburg that the first Reform synagogue opened in 1811.
After German Jews came to the United States and achieved some success, they encouraged other Jews to follow. A rabbi in Cincinnati wrote a poem called “The Jewish Emigrant” that was printed in Die Deborah, a German Jewish newspaper, in 1855:
Far, far toward the West,
There is a great country.
Far across the sea it holds out
To us its brotherly hand.
Thither shall we cross over,
There shall be the home
Where we can find rest
From suffering, ignominy and agony.
For Jews seeking escape from the persecution and pogroms
of Czarist Russia, the anti-Semitism during the Kaiser’s
Germany and earlier centuries, or from the Third Reich of the
1930’s, there was an alternative – Emigration. Millions of
European Jews seized the opportunity. Between 1815 and
1930, more than 50 million people left their European home
countries to start a new life in the USA, Canada, Australia,
and South America. By 1914, 21% of Europeans lived outside
Europe. The great majority went to the United States, which
became the largest emigration destination in the world.
Toward America and the New World |
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| Jewish children on a street in Zabludow, Poland, in 1916. From about 1600 to the time of the Holocaust, more Jews lived in Poland than in any other nation in the world. |
So many emigrants sailed from the port of Hamburg that a village, Ballinstadt, was built to give them temporary housing. | |
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| Passengers board a ship of the Hamburg-America Line around 1910. Founded in 1847, the Hamburg-America shipping company was amoung the first to specialize in transporting immigrants, rather than cargo, across the ocean. |
Whenever possible, passengers spent time on deck to escape the
stench and the cramped quarters. But space was limited, and in bad weather or heavy seas they had to stay below deck. |
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| For most emigrants the sight of the Statue of Liberty in New York was an evocative moment. Many never forgot this moment that marked the end of a gruelling passage and the start of a new life. |
Albert Einstein with his secretary Helen Dukas and step daughter Margot
becoming American citizens in Trenton, New Jersey, in October, 1940. |
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German emigration peaked in the years 1854, 1872, and 1881. Thereafter, the period of mass migration from Eastern and Southeastern Europe began.
Between 1933 and 1939, between 275,000 and 300,000 German Jews left their homeland.
The primary port of emigration was Hamburg. More than 5.2 million people from all over Europe – mostly Jews – sailed from the Port of Hamburg from 1850 to 1939.
A major reason for the predominance of Hamburg was its Ballinstadt Emigration City at the Port. Ballinstadt is named after Albert Ballin, a Hamburg Jew who owned the Hapag Shipping Company (today Hapag-Lloyd). Ballin built a departure city for the emigrants, offering accommodations, food, shops, church, a synagogue, and medical facilities. This transition venue for emigrants awaiting departure of their ships was enormously helpful to emigrants and made Hamburg the leading port of emigration from Europe.
Accompanied by a museum guide, we will tour Ballinstadt this afternoon and learn more about the epic emigration movement out of Europe.
After our tour, tour members can trace their ancestry, assisted by Ballinstadt staff trained in geneaology, who will help us with research and building a family tree.
Tour members who do not complete their ancestry search this afternoon can make an appointment to return to Ballinstadt tomorrow morning.
Dinner this evening will be at an historic restaurant in Hamburg.
| 10th Day, Monday Hamburg: Ballinstadt Emigration City Tracing Our Ancestry |
“So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.”
F. Scott Fitzgerald
The Great Gatsby
Where do we come from? Who are our ancestors? These
questions have occupied the minds of people for generations.
Millions of Americans are retracing the steps of their
ancestors.
The huge database contains lists of passengers on ships leaving Hamburg between 1850 and 1934, which were digitized and indexed during years of work by the state archive in Hamburg. A total of 270,000 images were created, containing around five million names. It’s the largest collection of passenger lists from emigrant ships in the world. Birthplace, place of residence and profession were details registered by the emigrants back then—a treasure trove for those researching their family now.
Those of us not returning to Ballinstadt this morning will have
a tour, with local guide, of sites of Jewish life and history in Hamburg.
A sightseeing tour of Hamburg via motorcoach is also included this afternoon.
Our farewell evening will include dinner and music.
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| A Historical Atlas of the Jewish People |
| 11th Day, Tuesday Hamburg – USA |
This morning we will be transferred to Hamburg Airport to board our return flight to the U.S. Arrive back in the U.S. this afternoon.
W. Michael Blumenthal
Director, Jewish Museum Berlin Return to Berlin
Michael Blumenthal is a former Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany, who went on to serve as US Secretary In 1945, I was among the millions of people who had fled the Nazi holocaust. I was one of the lucky ones. In The lessons of history To remember means to learn the lessons of history and to apply them not merely to avoid the errors of the past, A Pilgrimage to Germany After my visit to Frankfurt and Worms, I had the same sad feelings that J O S E P H G R E E N B L U M J U D A I S M A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF JEWISH LIFE AND THOUGHT Issue No. 176 / Volume 44 / Number 4 / $6.00 / Fall 1995 |
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Kenneth E. Block, M.A. A graduate of Princeton, Ken Block has studied at the University of Berlin and holds a Masters Degree in history Ken founded Matterhorn Travel and has 43 years experience designing and operating history travel programs. Organizations are welcome to bring their own historian. |
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Our holiday is operated by Matterhorn Travel. Established in 1966, Matterhorn Travel has carried over 50,000 passengers to Europe. Matterhorn officers have a combined experience of 102 years with the company. Please note the all-inclusive nature of our trips. There are
no hidden operational costs. We include all features for a
complete holiday - breakfasts, dinners every evening, and
full sightseeing. |
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| Terms and Conditions | Back to Top |
Responsibility In the absence of negligence by the Tour Operator, the Tour Operator accepts no responsibility for losses or additional expenses due to delays or changes in air or other services, sickness, weather strikes, or other causes. All such losses or expenses will be borne by the passenger. The tour member waives any claim against the Tour Operator for any damage to or loss of property or injury or death of persons due to any act of negligence of any hotels, or any other persons rendering any of the services or accommodations included in the ground portion of the itinerary. The Tour Operator shall not be responsible for any delays, substitution of equipment or any act of omission whatsoever by the carrier, its agents, servants and employees, and tour member hereby waives any claim arising therefrom. Tour participants agree that the Tour Operator has no responsibility or liability of any nature whatsoever for loss, damage or injury to property or person resulting from air transportation. The air carrier provides insurance for the protection of passengers and performance within the provisions of its tariffs. The Tour Operator reserves the right to decline, accept or remove any tour member as a participant of these tours at any time. If any tour member is removed from the tour, a proportionate refund for unused services will be made. Cancellations/Refunds All cancellations and requests for refunds must be submitted in writing to the Tour Operator. If cancellation in writing is received by the Tour Operator more than two months before tour departure, an administration charge of $90 per person will be retained. For cancellations received within two months of departure, the following cancellation charges apply: Two months to one month before departure: 25% of the tour price Insurance Baggage Airport Transfers Special Note THE AIRLINES participating on this tour are not responsible for any act, omission, or event during the time the passengers are not on board their airplanes or conveyances. The issuance of the passage contract by the airline concerned shall constitute the sole contract between the airline and the purchaser of this tour and/or the passengers. In addition to the participating airlines, the services of any IATA and ARC carrier may be used in connection with these tours. This program is valid from May 1 to October 31, 2010. To obtain a printer friendly (pdf) version of this itinerary, please click here. |
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